What Is Google Essay Sample?

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Segmentation Based on Shangrila Essay Example

Segmentation Based on Shangrila Essay Similarly, product positioning is an important element of a marketing. Product positioning is the process marketers use to determine how to best communicate their products attributes to their target customers based on customer needs, competitive pressures, available communication channels and carefully crafted key messages. Effective product positioning ensures that marketing messages resonate with target consumers and compel them to take action. Even companies, who have mass marketing phenomena, are now adopting this new world’s strategy i. . segmentation. The purpose of segmentation is the concentration of marketing energy and force on subdividing to gain a competitive advantage within the segment. It’s analogous to the military principle of concentration of force to overwhelm energy. Concentration of marketing energy is the essence of all marketing strategies and market segmentation is the conceptual tool to help in achieving this focus. The marketer must try to unde rstand the target market’s needs, wants, and demands. Need can be described as basic human requirements. People need food, air, water, clothing, and entertainment. These needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects that might satisfy the need. An American needs food but wants hamburger, French fries and a soft drink. Wants are shaped by one’s society (Kotler, 2000).. Strategically, the business must be centered on the customers more than the products. Although good and quality products are also essential, the buying public still has their personal preferences. If an organisation targets more of their needs, they will come back again and again and even bring along recruits. On the other hand, if an organisation push more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they can get, the organisation would potentially lose customers in no time. Unfortunately, getting them back would be the hardest part. Segementation: The process of dividing a market into meaningful, relatively similar, identifiable segments or groups 1. 0 Introduction: Marketing is a very important aspect in business since it contributes greatly to the success of organizations. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Segmentation Based on Shangrila specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Segmentation Based on Shangrila specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Segmentation Based on Shangrila specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is a process of introducing and promoting the product or service into the appropriate market(s) and encourages sales from the buying public. Since the goal of marketing is to make the product or service widely known and recognized to the market, marketers must be creative in their marketing activities. Today where the world is being recognized as global village marketing has become vital ingredient for every business success. It is almost become difficult to every competitor to survive in market for a prolonged period because competition is cut to throat. Change or die is the core faith of marketing. Therefore, marketing has powerful potential to contribute to the highly important aspects of the organisational competitiveness, namely innovation (Kerin, 1992) and competitive analysis (Varadarajan, 1992). Effective marketing strategies or marketing campaigns often consist of a combination of several marketing tactics that work together in a synergistic way to establish brand, reduce sales resistance, and create interest and desire for products and/or services. Therefore, carrying out market segmentation, targeting and positioning are important elements of successful marketing. This means that the business will need to develop an appropriate marketing mix for each segment. Market segmentation enables a business to: †¢ accurately defi ne its markets; †¢ position products and services to match the demands of particular markets and segments; †¢ identify gaps in the market that it could fi ll; †¢ make more effi cient use of its marketing resources. According to Cartwright (2002), need is something that people cannot do without a want, is the method by which people would like the need to be satisfied. Demands are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay (Kotler, 2000). Hence, market is to divide into groups of consumers or segments with distinct needs and wants. Doing the detailed understanding of the marketplace into strategic decisions and the targeting of appropriate customer groups. This targeting should emphasise on any differential advantages and adopt a suitable positioning within the target segments (Dibb and Simkin, 1996). This strategy of dividing the market in homogenous group is known as segmentation. Background Bandos Island Resort (hereafter BIR) established since 10th December 1972, located approximately 8 kilometers from the international airport and capital of Maldives, is one the best resorts among the 86 resorts of the Maldivian Tourism Industry (Ministry of Tourism, 2002). BIR has a comprehensive range of facilities such as accommodation, restaurants, recreational facilities and trained workforce to serve more than 450 guests at any one time and well-equipped Dive School and convention facilities (Bandos, 2002). The major markets are from China, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. Purchases for operation of the resort are supplied from local suppliers and various suppliers from Singapore, Sri Lanka and UAE (Bandos, 2002) (see Appendix – 1A). Despite the speedy recovery by year 2000 from the impacts of Asia economic crisis since mid 1997 and the German economic slowdown since the East Germany and West Germany reunification inflammation and the El Nino effects in 1998, BIR experienced turbulent times due to world economic slowdown as a result of increased international terrorism activities and war on terror since September 11th terrorist attack on USA (Amir, 2003). Addition to the impacts of the global economic downturn, BIR faced major difficulties in year 2001 in their financial performance due to mismanagement within the resort (Waheed, 2003). With the remedial action to recover from the financial difficulties, the implementation of measures such as downsizing of workforce from 491 employees to 410 employees (Shareef, 2004), effective cost controlling, improved marketing strategies to improve the sales revenue, put firmly in place at the beginning of 2002, resulted in the end of a promising financial year in 2002. 2. Types of segmentations adopted by Bandos Through market segmentation, organisations divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their unique needs Kotler et al (2006). Therefore, market segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics, or behaviour that might require separate products or marketing programs. Hence geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation are most commonly used in the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . BIR enters in new markets serving a single segment, and when this proves successful than they add more segments (Bandos, 2012). Most importantly, BIR segments their market by geographically selecting locations where outbound holidays to tropical destinations have greater advantages available. Furthermore, BIR targets at demographic segmentation to target at honeymooners, families with children and recreational travelers within the geographic segmentation adopted by them. Kotler (1984) has identified four requirements that a marketer can use in evaluating the desirability of potential market segments, namely easureability, accessibility, substantiality and actionability. Once a segment has been identified which meets these requirements, it is possible to develop a product or service which meets the unfulfilled needs of this segment. While BIR targets mainly on five nationalities, Germans, Italians, British, Chinese and Japanese (Bandos, 2012), known as consistent and most prominent ma rkets even for the entire Maldives Tourism Industry for several years, facilities such as childcare, convention centre and dive school in Bandos have been important contributors of BIR’s demographic segment. Pickton and Broderick (2005: 376) argue that a company can target one or more areas and must be aware of the fact that data according to geographic segmentation may vary due to population shift. [pic] 2. 1. 1. Geographical Segmentation According to Pickton and Broderick (2005), geographic segmentation divides customers into segments based on geographical areas such as nations, states, regions, countries, cities or neighborhoods. BIR segments consumers by their nationality. Source: Sales and Marketing Department, Bandos Island Resort. It is important to segment according to geographic, due to the fact that the purchasing behaviour of the customers are influenced on where they live, work etc. (Gunter and Furnham, 1992: 5). Hence, BIR customizes their product, advertising, promotion and sales efforts to fit the needs of the geographical variables. The geographic segmentation is very useful when there are differences in a location where a product is marketed. The differences can be caused by cultural factors, traditions, politics etc. Furthermore, the differences can be significant in one segment, whereas in other segments the differences can e minor and less significant. (Gunter and Furnham, 1992: 5) Furthermore as a result of an increase in the globalisation today the geographic segmentation has been linked to other differences in socio-economic and demographic characteristics. The result of this type of segmentation is referred to as geodemographics (Gunter and Furnham, 1992: 7). The geodemographic segmentation co mbines the geographic segmentation with the demographic segmentation and thereby combines the study of the target customers with where they live (Pickton and Broderick, 2005: 376). Hence the geodemographic classifies the customers according to where they live in comparison to the way the social class defines consumers by their occupation and thereby the companies are more capable of predicting consumer behaviour (Gunter and Furnham, 1992: 7). 2. 2. Characteristics of geographical segmentation adopted by BIR 2. 2. 1. German market 2. 2. 2. Italian market 2. 2. 3. British market 2. 2. 4. Japanese market 2. 2. 5. Chinese market 2. 3 Positioning adopted by BIR Once the company has decided which market segments to enter it should decide what positions it wants to occupy in those segments. Market Positioning is arranging for a product to occupy clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target customers. A products position is the place that the product occupies relative to competitors in consumers minds. Here in this case the Starbucks has developed a unique market position for their products because if a product is to be exactly same like the others on the market than consumers would have no reason to uy it. Starbucks has positioned themselves in the market as a highly reputed brand (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). In this case Starbucks has planned his positioning in such a way that it distinguish their products from competing brands and give them the greatest strategic advantage in their target markets. Starbucks has a descriptively simple statement to inspire and nurture the human spirit-one pers on, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time. Starbucks positioning strategy was customer base so that it can give the best service more than what the customers expect. Starbucks has gained a competitive advantage over customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction as Starbucks had developed its positioning strategy based on the customer and provided the utmost facility in terms of layout, furniture to the music, and in terms of employee satisfaction Starbucks make employee as a partners and gave them a personal security with a freedom to participate in the every decision of the business and make it successful (Porter Miller, 1985, Porter, 1998). Behavioral segmentation divides the target customers into segments based on their attitude towards a product. By doing so the marketers will have a better understanding of their target audience and thereby make their marketing more effective (Gunter Furnham, 1992). Since, BIR is famous for scuba diving and convention facilities, the 2. 1. 1 Behavioural segmentation REFERENCES 1. AMIR, I. , (2002), Marketing Plan of Bandos Island Resort. , Sales and Marketing Department of Bandos, January 2002. 2. AMIR, I. , (2003), Informal interview with the General Manager of Bandos Island Resort, December 2003. 3. AMIR, I. , (2003), Marketing Plan of Bandos Island Resort. , Sales and Marketing Department of Bandos, Janaury 2003. . BANDOS, (2002), Bandos 30th Anniversary Special Publication, Novelty Printers Publishers Pvt Ltd, Maldives. 5. BLYTON, P. , and MORRIS, J. , (1992), ‘H. R. M. and the limits of flexibility’ Reassessing Human Resource Management, TORRINGTON, D. , AND HALL, L. , (1998), Human Resource Management, 4th Ed. , Prentice Hall Europe. 6. DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AN D FINANCIAL AFFAIRS, (2003), European Economy: 2002 review, European Commission. Vol. 0379-0991, No. 6, pp. 01-106. 7. FASEEH, I. , (2004), interview with the Training Manager of Bandos Island Resort, March 2004. 8. FAZEEL, N. (2004), interview with the Director of Ministry of Trade of Maldives, April 2004. 9. FRANGIALLI, F. , (2002), Speech by the Secretary-General of World Tourism Organisation at the European Tourism Forum, Brussels, Belgium, 10th December 2002. 10. FRIDGEN, J. D. , (1996), Dimensions of Tourism. , Educational Institute of the American Hotel Motel Association, Unite States of America. 11. GUEST, D. E. , (1987), Human Resource management and industrial relations. Journal of Management studies. Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 503-521. 12. HOLDEN, L. , AND BEARDWELL, I. , (2001), Human Resource Management : a contemporary approach, 3rd Ed. Pearson Education Limited, United Kingdom. 13. HOLLOWAY, J. C. , (1998), The Business of Tourism, 5th Ed. , Adisson Wesley Longman Limited, New York. 14. HOOK, C. , AND FOOT, M. , (1999), Introduction to Human Resource Management, 2nd Ed. , Addison Wesley Longman Limited, England. 15. HOUSELID, M. , (1995), The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 635-672. 16. JOHNSTON, R. , AND CLARK, G. , (2001), Service Operations Management, Harlow, Pearson Education Limited 2001. 7. LIM, L. , (1997), Global Implications of Southeast Asias Currency Crisis. Journal of International Institute, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 1-6. 18. MALDIVES MONETARY AUTHORITY. , (2003), Maldives Economic Research and Statistics. Economic Bulletin Maldives, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp1-27. 19. MCCOSKER, P. , (2001), â€Å"A review of ratio analysis: How the calculations of a few simple ratios can greatly improve our understanding of a business and its financial performance (Part 2)†, CIMA Financial Accountant, Chartered Institute of Management A ccountants, England, December 2001. 0. MILLER, T. R. , AND DIBRELL, C. C. , (2002), â€Å"Organization design: the continuing influence of information technology†, Management Decision, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 620-627. 21. MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENT. , (2002), National Assessment Resport : Progress towards Sustainable Development from Rio 1992 to Johannesburg 2002. 22. MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. , (1998), Statistical Year Book of Maldives 1998. , Novelty Printers and Publishers, Maldives. 23. MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. (2001), Statistical Year Book of Maldives 2001. , Loamaafaanu Print, Maldives. 24. MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. , (2002), Statistical Year Book of Maldives 2002. , Print Image (PVT) Ltd, Maldives. 25. MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. , (2003), Statistical Year Book of Maldives 2003. , Loamaafaanu Print, Maldives. 26. MINISTRY OF TOURISM, (2002), â€Å"Tourism Statistics 20 02†, Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. 27. MINISTRY OF TOURISM, (2002), â€Å"Tourism Statistics 2002†, Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. 28. MINISTRY OF TOURISM, (2003), â€Å"Tourism Statistics 2003†, Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. 29. POON, A. , (1993), Tourism, Technology and Comparative Strategies, London, CAB International. 30. PRABHU, S. , (1996), â€Å"Challenges for hospitality and tourism operators: a North American perspective†, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8/7 p. 61. MCB University Press. 31. PURCELL, J. , (1998), Human resource bundles of best practice: a utopian cul-de-sac. 32. SHAREEF, M. , (2004), interview with the Human Resources Director of Bandos Island Resort, January 2004. 3. TOURISM TRENDSPOTTER, Market Segment and the New Millennium, What Next? , Vol. 2, issue 2, Dec. 1999 – Jan. 2000. 34. TRIBE, J. , (1999), The economics of leisure and tourism, 2nd Ed. , Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom. 35. WAHEED, M. , (2003), interview with the Finance Director of Bandos Island Resort, December 2003. 36. WOOD, R. C. , (1997), Working in Hotel an d Catering, London, International Business Press. 37. WOODS, R. H. , (1995), Human Resource Management, Educational Institute of the American Hotel Motel Association, United States of America. 8. WTO. , (2001), â€Å"The impact of the attacks in the United States on international tourism: An initial analysis†, World Tourism Organization, 18th September 2001, Special Report, Madrid. 39. WTO. , (2003), â€Å"World Tourism in 2002: Better than expected†, World Tourism Organization, News Release, Madrid, 27th January 2003. Appendix – 1A Market Share (%) of Bandos Island Resort, 1998 2001 Appendix – 1B [pic] Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, Maldives. Appendix – 1C [pic] Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, Maldives. Appendix – 2 Major Expenditure Areas (excluding payroll and related expenses), Bandos Island Resort, 2000 2003 [pic] Source: Finance Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix – 3 [pic] Source: Sales and Marketing Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix 4 [pic] Source: Finance Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix – 5 Growth Rate (%) of Market Share, Bandos Island Resort, 1999 – 2001 [pic] Source: Sales and Marketing Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix – 6A [pic] Source: Sales and Marketing Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix – 6B [pic] Source: Finance Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix 7 [pic] Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, Maldives. Appendix – 8 Financial Ratio of Bandos Island Resort, 2001 and 2002 |Ratios |2001 |2002 | | | | | |Liquidity Ratios | | | |1. 70: 1 |1. 41 : 1 | |1. Current Ratio (Current Assets ? Current Liabilities) | | | | |0. 40 : 1 |0. 28 : 1 | |2. Cash to Current Liabilities | | | |(Cash at Bank and in Hand ? Current Liabilities) | | | | |0. 75:1 |1. 08:1 | |3. Acid Test Ratio | | | |(Current Assets Stock ? Liabilities) | | | | | | | | | | | |Profitability Ratios | | | | |26% | | |1. Gross Profit Percentage {(Gross Profit ? Turnover) x 100} | |39% | | | |15% | |2. Net Profit Percentage {(POABT ? Sales) x 100} |3% | | | |0. 71 : 1 |0. 7:1 | |3. Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio (Turnover ? Tangible Fixed Assets) | | | | | |36% | |4. Gearing Ratio | | | |{Long-term Debt ? Long-term Debt + Shareholder Funds)} x 100 |39% | | | | | | |Use of Assets | | | | |US$18080 |US$21024 | |1. Average Turnover per Employee | | | |(Turnover/Average Number of Employees) | | | Source: Finance Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix 9 Organization Structure of Bandos Island Resort, 2002 [pic] Source: Human Resources Department, Bandos Island Resort. Appendix – 10 Payroll and Related Expenses of Bandos Island Resort, 2000 2003 [pic] Source: Human Resources Department, Bandos Island Resort.

Valley of the Kings essays

Valley of the Kings essays For the Ancient Egyptians the west was the way to the kingdom where the death could enter. This place was for them the Valley of the Kings. It was the place where the royal people wanted to be. The Valley of the Kings is a wonderful world to be discovered. The Valley of the Kings was a burial place. It was used by Egyptian rulers of the New Kingdom period. It was where the kings were buried. The Egyptians buried the kings along with their most important things. The objects were jewelry, pots and lots of more The Valley of the Kings is located on the West bank of the Nile opposite to the northern town of Luxor. Although only a few kms. West of the River bank. High cliffs and a long narrow entrance hide the Valley of the Kings. It is south of Thebas. It now has ways of communication which it didnt have before. The mountain of Thebas, at the far end of the Valley forms a natural pyramid both in shape and in use. It contains sixty or more tombs. Many tombs had to be changed of place several times because they used to be robbed. Egyptians would change their places The Valley of the Kings also recieved in ancient times the name of the Place of the Truth and the Valley of the Kings Biban el-Muluk.The first tomb discovered was the one of Seti the 1st. The Italian discoverer G. B. Belzoni found it in 1817. It has a very complicated construction. It has a lot of stairs and galleries as well as pillars. In one there was a sarcophagus of the pharaos without the mummy. The last tomb discovered in 1922 was the one of Tutankhamon. Howard Carter found it on Nov. 4, 1922. Great amounts of treasures were found. There were so well hidden that thieves couldn't find them. It's not a luxory tomb. The sarcophagus is one of the prettiest. ...

Money launderindg and terrorism financing Essay

Money launderindg and terrorism financing - Essay Example From the process of establishing an anti-money laundering enforcement initiative, there comes out the counter-terrorism financial enforcement regime. Separating terrorists from their money is undeniably a critical component of the war on terrorism. As many now more fully appreciate, attacks like those of September 11 necessitate money to construct and maintain terrorist training camps, to buy weapons, communications equipment, and forged documents, to move personnel and materiel, to bribe government officials and establish front companies, and to pay for operatives' rent, food, and other basic necessities, along with special activities like flying lessons. More often than not, the terrorist money trail originates or leads overseas. For the purpose of stemming the tide to transnational crime, governments and international organizations continued their active efforts to increase regulatory and criminal enforcement of various laws in 1998. Such efforts were reflected in the criminalization of business and financial transactions, the imposition of new due diligence measures on the private sector and the concomitant weakening of privacy and confidentiality laws, strengthened penalties for non-compliance with regulatory efforts, and new law enforcement techniques (undercover sting operations, wiretapping, expanded powers to search homes and businesses, and controlled deliveries (Zagaris 1999). Transnational crimes involve money laundering which weaken economies and destabilize governments that are blamed on crime cartels, tax havens, and new techniques like cyber laundering. Though some would claim that it is not always a crime and immoral (Morris-Cotterill 2001), by definition alone, money laundering involves hiding, moving, and investing the proceeds of criminal conduct. In such a case, legal money can even become illegal if by moving it violates a country's foreign-exchange controls or other financial regulations. Correspondingly, all foreign-exchange transactions out of a certain country must be reported to their respective central bank otherwise the exported money becomes illegal. International Human Rights Protection Throughout the world, proactive policing has produced transformations in international criminal cooperation law particularly in the development of a financial enforcement regime. As a result of the September 11 terror attack, the United States and the European Union formed a close cooperation in cutting off terrorists from their sources of funding. It includes the issuance of blocking assets of 21 identified people as members of the Basque group ETA. The collaboration between the EU and US symbolizes a new and extremely important chapter in the financial war against terrorism (as cited in Dettmer 2002). The seizing of assets to the identified terrorists is considered a crucial element in any long-term operations in taking down Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network along with other terrorist groups. This effort of collaboration also strengthen the protection of human rights to both parties from another potential terror attack. After the September 11 Following the fateful terrorist attack on September 11 is the tracking down of terrorists that lead to a search for the means of uncovering the

Sexual selection - Then and Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual selection - Then and Now - Essay Example highest number of young ones to inherit their superiority while those that protect or nourish their young and will leave their young ones to inherit weak powers (Darwin 1882, p209). The males’ modifications are generally more than the female. The male is more modified and the female almost retains a close similarity to the young of her species and the other adult members of similar group. The male is usually more eager than the female and in most cases it is the male that pursues the female and displays plumage characteristics (Darwin 1882, p221). The male’s great vigour during the love season tends to frequently intensify the individual’s colours that are entirely different from those of the female (Darwin 1882, p224). For example, most of the birds that inhabit the northern and the southern United States, the bird specimens that come from the south are dark in colour in comparison to the ones from the north. This is attributed to the direct differences in the light, temperature and other factors of the two geographical regions. The males of Ageloeus phoeniceus have their colours more intensified while in the south and the females of Cardinalis virginianus are the ones affected. In the species of Quiscalus major, the colour of the male remains uniform while the female have variations in the tint (Darwin 1882, p225). There are isolated cases where the females have pronounced sexual characters such as great size, brighter colours, pugnacity and strength. In the birds, there can be a complete transposition of the normal characters that are proper to each of the sex. In such a case, the females become more fervent in courtship and the males remain passive. Although the males are passive, they perform the role of selecting the most attractive females. There are certain hen birds that are highly ornamented and more pugnacious and powerful than the cocks; these types of characters are transmitted to the female progeny alone (Darwin 1882, p225). Double process

Using Facebook to Cultivate Political Awareness Among Singapore Youth Essay Example for Free

Using Facebook to Cultivate Political Awareness Among Singapore Youth Essay Political awareness refers to the recognition and acquisition of either theoretical or practical political knowledge for our discussion. As the main purpose to cultivate political awareness is to help young voters make informed decisions during various elections, only information related to ‘civics’, that is â€Å"the study of the government with the attention of the roles of citizens† (Hebe, 1967), is considered political knowledge in this paper. We believe that political awareness should be raised for youths of age 13 21; thirteen is the age when most teenagers start acquiring maturity of judgement (Smith amp; Handler, 2007) and 21 is when they acquire the legal right to vote. Young voters should then possess sufficient political awareness to make wiser decisions when casting their votes. Social media is widely recognized as a form of online media that makes communication more interactive. Social media allows users to create and share contents for purposes like social networking through the use of Internet-based applications. Online social-networking refers to the use of websites such as Facebook and Twitter which provides social-networking services (SNS) for users to communicate, share information and maintain online social relations. A recent Singapore study (Russel, 2011) reveals that Facebook, a representative example of SNS, is the third most popular online source for election news and updates after Yahoo and Channel News Asia. There are 2,589,600 users on Facebook, making up half of Singapore’s total population. 1. 2. Current Situation The low political awareness among the youth in Singapore has been a long-existing problem. â€Å"I don’t know and I don’t care†, a typical Singaporean response implies the causes of the problem. One of the reasons that the youth do not gain enough political knowledge is because of the lack of engaging and interactive platforms for information sharing. As a result, few youths are interested, in addition to their poor knowledge in politics. It is important to tackle their disinterest and cultivate political awareness by disseminating related information on engaging and interactive platforms. According to a recent survey by Straits Times, 36. 3% of Singaporeans prefer Internet as their source of local political news. 33% of Singaporean Facebook users are the youths aged 13 – 24 (â€Å"Facebook Statistics Singapore†, 2011), as shown in figure 1. Therein hints the great potential of Facebook at disseminating information to the youth. In the following section, we will further evaluate the level of success of our recommendations using Facebook as a tool of information dissemination. Aged 13-24: 33% Aged 25-44:49% Others:18% Figure 1 User Age Distribution on Facebook in Singapore 1. 2. 1 Case Study: Use of Twitter in South Korea The South Korean political culture had been centered on Confucianism and subjected to bureaucratic-authoritarian rules, resulting in the struggle to cultivate a participant political culture. In fact, studies (Hong, 1998) revealed that majority of South Koreans (52. 7%) are unwilling to engage in politics. Despite the reluctance to be involved in politics, parliamentary elections held on June 2010 had held the highest voter-turnout since 1995 (54. %). A great percentage of this increase is attributed to the increase in young voters, aged 20 – 40, who are largely influenced through SNS. Twitter had played a relatively major role in bringing the Korean’s attentions to voting. A group of politically-aware youths had urged the Korean community to vote, mostly via Twitter. The result: more people saw the reminders and did as urged. The factors to success in garnering votes (especially among youths) are as goes: i. The increasing number of people with smartphones increases the convenience of using Twitter to share information on the go, via these mobile devices ii. Koreans followed the trend of using Twitter to connect with politics started by Barack Obama, President of the United States 1. 2. 2 Comparing Twitter in South Korea and Facebook in Singapore The choice of featuring South Korea in the case study is reasoned by the similarities between South Korea and Singapore, and Twitter and Facebook. A high level of similarities would hence ensure greater chance of success in our recommendations. Political culture reflects the mindsets of the youth regarding political issues, hence is a pivotal determinant in the success of promoting political awareness among the youth. South Korea tends to a subject political culture, while that in Singapore tends to a mid subject-parochial one. The features of both cultures basically demonstrates some inactivity and lack of initiative towards political issues, hence are largely similar. The ubiquity of Twitter and Facebook respectively in South Korea and Singapore is another deterministic factor. Twitter is widely used among South Koreans, resulting in an efficient spread of message to raise voter-turnout. Facebook is, likewise, widely used among the Singaporean youth, which could lead to a similar level of efficiency in spreading political awareness. The features of Twitter and Facebook would also affect how users receive political information, likewise influencing the level of efficiency of spreading political awareness among the Singaporean youth.

Humanism :: essays research papers

Humanism The word â€Å"humanism† has a number of meanings, and because there are so many different meanings it can be quite confusing if you don't know what kind of humanism someone is talking about. Literary Humanism is a devotion to the humanities or literary culture. Renaissance Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of the middle ages with the revival of classical letters and a renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood. Cultural Humanism is the rational and empirical tradition that originated largely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved through out European history, and now constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, political theory, ethics, and law. Philosophical Humanism is any outlook or way of life centered on human need and interest. Sub categories of this type include the two following. Christian Humanism is defined by Webster's Third New International Dictionary as â€Å"a philosophy advocating the self fulfillment of man within the framework of Christian principles.† This more human oriented faith is largely a product of the Renaissance and is a part of what made up Renaissance humanism. Modern Humanism, also called Naturalistic Humanism, Scien- tific Humanism, Ethical Humanism and Democratic Humanism is defined by one of its leading proponents, Corollas Lamont, as â€Å"a naturalistic philosophy that rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and human compassion.† Modern Humanism has a dual origin, both secular and religious, and these constitute its sub categories. Secular Humanism is an outgrowth of 18th century enlightenment rationalism and 19th century freethought. Many secular groups, such as the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism and the American Rationalist Federation, and many otherwise unaffiliated academic philosophers and scientists advocate this philosophy. Religious Humanism emerged out of Ethical Culture, Unitarianism, and Universalism. Today, many Unitarian- Universalist congregations and all Ethical Culture societies describe themselves as humanist in the modern sense. The most critical irony in dealing with Modern Humanism is the inability of its supporters to agree on whether or not this world veiw is religious. The Secular Humanists believe it is a philosophy, where the Religious Humanists obviously believe it is a religion. This has been going on since the early years of the century where the Secular and Religious traditions combined and made Modern Humanism. Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same world views as shown by the signing of the Humanist Manifestos I and II. The signers of the Manifestos were both Secular and Religious Humanists. To serve personal needs, Religious Humanism offers a basis for moral values, an inspiring set of ideals , methods for dealing with life's harsher realities, a